What to plant in Maryland in October
October in Maryland marks a distinct shift into autumn, characterized by average temperatures around 14°C and a decreasing threat of warm-season conditions. This month is ideal for sowing and transplanting a variety of cold-tolerant crops, preparing the garden for the cooler months ahead while still benefiting from moderate sunshine.
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Spinach
Direct sow for a late autumn or overwintering crop. Tolerates light frosts.
Lettuce
Choose hardy varieties for autumn sowing. May benefit from row covers as temperatures drop.
Radishes
Direct sow. Can be succession planted every two weeks for continuous harvest until hard frost.
Garlic
Plant individual cloves, pointed end up, 5-10 cm deep. Mulch after planting.
Onions (Sets)
Plant onion sets (small bulbs) directly into well-drained soil.
Kale
Direct sow or transplant seedlings. Very cold-hardy.
Arugula
Direct sow for a fast crop before colder weather sets in.
Mache (Corn Salad)
Direct sow. Can overwinter in Maryland with some protection.
Piantine
Piantine
Broccoli
Transplant established seedlings for a late fall harvest. Ensure good root establishment.
Cabbage
Transplant sturdy seedlings. Protect from early frosts if heads are still forming.
Cauliflower
Transplant seedlings. Ensure consistent moisture and blanch heads by tying leaves if desired.
Tasks
Monthly tasks
In October, focus on preparing the garden for winter. Clear spent summer crops and weeds. Apply a layer of compost or well-rotted manure to enrich the soil. Plant cover crops like rye or clover in empty beds to improve soil health and prevent erosion over winter. Protect newly planted fall crops from potential early frosts with row covers or cloches as November approaches (t_avg=7.5°C).